The Difference Between Brown and White Sugar
All sugar starts as a byproduct of sugar beet or sugar cane plants. When first extracted, the product will be most similar to molasses. The longer you process and refine it, the closer to white sugar it will become until you finally reach fully refined pure white sugar. Everything in between is a type of brown sugar.
In this way, brown sugar can be considered an umbrella term, including light brown sugars, dark brown sugars, and brown sugars with specific processing methods. When measuring the color of brown sugar, ensure you make your comparisons against only the same types of brown sugar.
Following ICUMSA Sugar Standards
Most foods sold in the United States are governed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sugar also falls under further regulations from a body known as the International Commission for Uniform Methods for Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA). Like HunterLab, ICUMSA believes in the value of testing the color of brown sugar and other types of sugar to determine its refinement level.
The purer a sugar is — as in, the more refinement it undergoes — the less light it will be able to absorb. ICUMSA guidelines require measurement of this characteristic using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer to assign a numerical value to any sugar's light absorption levels. While white sugar has a value of around 50, brown sugar can average a measurement of 1,000.